The ongoing anti-Semitic, anti-American and anti-Israel demonization in the Arab and Muslim media intensified following the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. The blame-Israel, blame-America conspiracy theories proliferated, with widely circulated rumors of Israeli/Zionist/Jewish responsibility for the attacks and the subsequent Anthrax-laced letters. Other articles in the Arab media offered justification for - even delight at - the attacks because of American foreign policy. Such accusations and depictions have long been present in the Arab and Muslim media. Incendiary anti-Semitic, anti-American and anti-Israel articles and caricatures appear with regularity in newspapers of countries who are American allies, and with whom Israel has peaceful relations or who are negotiating partners. Since 9-11, media outlets in the countries and entities which have joined the U.S. coalition against terrorism - Egypt, Syria, Iran, Jordan, Palestinian Authority, Qatar, Lebanon, Pakistan - have printed and broadcast stories and opinion that belie their government's cooperation with Washington.