The number of incidents of bigotry and anti-Semitism on college and university campuses has remained high since the mid-1980s as college and university student populations have undergone significant demographic changes. ADL has responded vigorously to this challenge through a broad range of reactive and proactive endeavors. ADL programs and responses are tailored to the specific needs of individual situations, and the agency's materials are widely circulated and used on American campuses.

• Harassment Many students and faculty suffer malicious forms of harassment including threats, physical attack and verbal abuse. A student leader on one campus received threats left on her car and home telephones, "Be careful, we are watching you. Ready to go boom?" Students have been stalked on campus and harassed by hate-filled E-mail messages.

• Anti-Semitic Speakers. One disturbing trend is the number of extremist and anti-Semitic speakers invited to campus by student organizations. When speakers such as Minister Louis Farrakhan, Khalid Abdul Muhammad, Leonard Jeffries and Tony Martin visit campuses, they spew anti-Semitic vitriol and create divisiveness among student groups.

• Holocaust Denial. Propagandists target campus newspapers to place advertisements questioning the established history of the Holocaust. Since 1990, Bradley Smith has published Holocaust denial ads on over 100 prestigious campuses, including the University of Michigan, Texas, Rice, Duke, Brandeis, Vanderbilt and Ohio universities.

  With the increasing use of the World Wide Web, Holocaust deniers and other promoters of hate have found a new tool to broadcast their message. Northwestern University Associate Professor of Engineering Arthur Butz has a Web page with links to similar pages of other Holocaust deniers. Bradley Smith's latest ad features his Web site. These and other Web sites promote the Holocaust denial message and link the user directly and indirectly to the wider hate movement, including sites sponsored by such anti-Semites as David Irving, Ernst Zündel, Tony Martin and the Nation of Islam.

• Anti-Israel Propaganda. Negative and bigoted materials that use the premise of discussing policies of the Israeli Government, relations between the United States and Israel, and other issues related to the State of Israel have appeared in many campus newspapers and on-campus programs.

• Religious Accommodation. Conflicts often arise when exams or course registration are scheduled on Jewish and other religious holidays. Students are placed in the difficult position of choosing between religious observance and the fulfillment of an academic requirement.

• A CAMPUS OF DIFFERENCE^TM. This hands-on, interactive program begins with awareness, incorporates experiential exercises, fosters intergroup understanding and communication, provides an appreciation for diversity, explores cultural identity, and encourages proactive involvement in campus coalition building. Other campus programs offered include CULTURE SHOCK: designed to meet the needs of international students who are adjusting to life on campuses in America; GENDER ISSUES: a program for men and women which focuses on gender relations and sexism; and HETEROSEXISM: focusing on bigotry experienced by gays, lesbians and bisexuals on campus. The A CAMPUS OF DIFFERENCE^TM program has delivered anti-bias education programs at over 150 colleges and universities.

• Crisis Management Teams. Sponsored by ADL's Samuel and Mildred Levine Institute to Combat Bigotry on Campus, teams of ADL professionals are available to visit campuses that have experienced recent outbreaks of bigotry and/or anti-Semitism. Once there, they work to formulate an immediate response and promote future proactive programming through an ongoing partnership between the university and the League. Campuses visited have included the University of New Mexico, Binghamton University and the State University of New York College at New Paltz.

• Back to Campus: Preparing for the Challenge of Combating Anti-Semitism. This program enables students to explore different ways to respond to acts of anti-Semitism on campus. Through presentations in various cities, college students and graduating high school seniors confront these issues through role playing and interactive discussions.

• Hate Crimes in College Communities. Individuals from different religions, races and cultures come together to discuss what constitutes a hate crime and how students can respond as a community.

• Bess Myerson Campus Journalism Awards. These annual awards promote excellence in reporting and commentary on intergroup relations by campus newspapers and publications throughout the United States.

• Blacks and Jews in Conversation. This program brings African-American and Jewish judges of the New York State Supreme and Appellate Courts to campuses. The judges have discussed the importance of positive Black/Jewish relations on campuses including Princeton, Yale, Case Western Reserve and Kent State Universities, Sarah Lawrence College, SUNY-Stony Brook, York College (CUNY), the University of Texas, Wake Forest University and Elon College.

• Albert Finkelstein Memorial Campus Editors Study Mission to Poland and Israel. A cross-section of campus editors travel to Israel and Poland to visit historic and religious sites, and learn about current problems and contemporary achievements. Participants gain a better understanding of modern Jewish history, the struggle for peace in the Middle East and the concerns of ordinary Israelis. "Never have I learned so much in such a short period of time, nor would I have had the access we received to such a variety of speakers and sites," one editor said.