Since March 9, 2026, a previously unknown group calling itself Harakat Ashab al-Yamin al-Islamiya (HAYI) has claimed responsibility for a rapidly increasing series of attacks on Jewish and Israel-linked institutions across Europe, including in Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands, North Macedonia, and the United Kingdom.
In the past few weeks, synagogues were bombed or firebombed in Liege, Rotterdam, Skopje, Kenton, Finchley and Hendon; explosive devices were detonated near a Jewish school in Amsterdam, outside a Christian pro-Israel center in Nijkerk and against a US bank branch in Amsterdam's Zuidas district; a bombing was foiled outside Bank of America's Paris headquarters; an Israeli restaurant was attacked in Munich; volunteer ambulances were torched in London; a car was set alight in Antwerp's Jewish quarter; and a drone threat forced the closure of parkland around the Israeli Embassy in London, all in attacks claimed by HAYI.
ADL experts and security analysts at the International Centre for Counter-Terrorism have linked HAYI’s logo and digital footprint to pro-Iranian Shia militia networks. Though security officials in Europe and elsewhere are investigating a direct connection between the Iranian regime and HAYI, ADL has not been able to independently verify such a connection. On March 24, a representative of HAYI told CBS News that the group would "keep threatening U.S. and Israeli interests worldwide" and warned people to "to stay away from Zionist and American interests and individuals to keep themselves safe."
But the string of incidents claimed by HAYI, whether orchestrated directly by Tehran or not, is not an isolated phenomenon. It appears to be the latest chapter in a decades-long pattern of pro-Iran and Iranian regime-linked attacks targeting global Jewish communities.
Below is a select list of planned or executed attacks on Jewish institutions dating back to 2021. Several have been attributed to HAYI, while others have been reportedly carried out by the Iranian Revolutionary Guard and other regime-affiliated entities. As investigations into other antisemitic attacks around the globe proceed, this list is likely to grow.
United Kingdom (April 15-21, 2026): A cluster of arson attacks hit Jewish and Israel-linked sites across London over five days. A petrol bomb struck Finchley Reform Synagogue on April 15, a building formerly occupied by the Jewish Futures charity was set on fire in Hendon on April 17, and a bottle containing "some sort of accelerant" was thrown through a window of Kenton United Synagogue on April 19. A 17-year-old was charged over the Kenton attack, and HAYI claimed the series of attacks on Telegram. On April 17, Metropolitan Police closed Kensington Gardens after HAYI posted a video threatening to target the Israeli Embassy with drones carrying "dangerous substances." Counter Terrorism Policing London subsequently arrested eight more people across Harpenden, Stevenage, Birmingham and Ealing, seven of them on suspicion of conspiracy to commit a further arson attack impacting the Jewish community, bringing the total number of arrests to 23.
North Macedonia (April 12, 2026): Two men climbed a fence at the Beth Yaakov Synagogue and Jewish community building in Skopje on April 12 and allegedly doused the structure with accelerant in what officials described as North Macedonia's first antisemitic attack since the Holocaust.
Germany (April 10, 2026): On April 10, pyrotechnic devices damaged the Jewish-owned Eclipse Grillbar, an Israeli restaurant in Munich, where police opened an investigation into an antisemitic motive. HAYI claimed both attacks in the same video release.
Netherlands (April 4, 2026): An explosive device detonated outside the gate of the Israel Center in Nijkerk, the Dutch headquarters of Christians for Israel. HAYI claimed the attack on Telegram, naming the organization Christians for Israel and its Israel Product Center (which imports Israeli goods) and warning supporters to "distance yourselves from Zionist and American interests."
France (March 28, 2026): French police arrested a 17-year-old allegedly placing an improvised explosive device, a petrol-can taped to a 650-gram pyrotechnic charge, outside the Bank of America headquarters in Paris's 8th arrondissement. Four additional suspects were placed in pretrial detention on terrorist criminal conspiracy charges, and the national anti-terrorism prosecutor said investigators were tipped off by a HAYI propaganda video targeting the bank. Interior Minister Laurent Nunez linked the plot to the war in Iran.
Belgium (March 24, 2026): A car was set on fire in Antwerp's Jewish quarter near Central Station. Belgian police arrested two minors in connection with the incident. Pro-Iranian regime Telegram channels disseminated a HAYI-branded video in which HAYI claimed responsibility, stating Antwerp was targeted because it "has a large Zionist community." Belgian Defense Minister Theo Francken confirmed that military troops deployed to protect Jewish sites had arrived at the scene.
United Kingdom (March 23, 2026): Four ambulances belonging to Hatzolah, a Jewish volunteer organization that serves the wider community, were set ablaze outside Machzike Hadath Synagogue in Golders Green, north London, in what Prime Minister Keir Starmer called "a deeply shocking antisemitic arson attack." HAYI claimed responsibility on its Telegram channel, posting reconnaissance footage of the ambulances and stating its primary target was the synagogue. The Community Security Trust noted the attack had "obvious comparison to similar antisemitic arson attacks recently in Belgium and the Netherlands."
Belgium, Netherlands (March 9-15, 2026): HAYI claimed responsibility for a series of attacks on Jewish institutions, including an explosion at a synagogue in Liege, Belgium (March 9), an arson attack on a synagogue in Rotterdam (March 13), and an explosive device detonated at a Jewish school in Amsterdam (March 14).
Azerbaijan (early March 2026): Azerbaijani authorities foiled "terrorist acts" which they said were "organized by Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corp." The plots targeted Jewish community leaders, a synagogue and the Israeli embassy in Baku. Authorities seized C-4 explosives and issued international arrest warrants for four people. Planned targets also included the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline, which carries roughly a third of Israel's oil imports.
Cyprus (March 10, 2026): Cypriot authorities arrested Kamel M., a Lebanese-born suspected Hamas member and weapons smuggler, at Larnaca Airport. He was extradited to Germany, where the Federal Prosecutor stated that the weapons he is alleged to have smuggled, including 300 rounds of ammunition, were intended for "Hamas assassination attacks on Israeli or Jewish institutions in Germany and Europe."
Norway (March 8-11, 2026): Three brothers, Norwegian citizens of Iraqi origin, were arrested for a "terrorist bombing" at the U.S. Embassy in Oslo on March 8. The former Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Northern Europe, NATO and Arctic Security, Sharon Hudson-Dean, wrote that the attack "has the hallmarks of an Iranian-ordered Foxtrot gang proxy attack." The Foxtrot network is a Sweden-based criminal gang, sanctioned by both the United States and the United Kingdom, which cooperated with Iranian-regime intelligence services to carry out attacks on Israeli and Jewish targets in Europe.
United Kingdom (March 6, 2026): British counterterrorism police arrested four men on suspicion of conducting surveillance during July and August of 2025 of Jewish community sites in London for Iran's intelligence service. Two, Nematollah Shahsavani and Alireza Farasati, were charged on March 18, for conducting "hostile surveillance" of the Israeli Embassy, Bevis Marks Synagogue, the JW3 community center and the Community Security Trust offices between July and August 2025.
Germany/Denmark (November 2025): An Afghan national, identified as Tawab M., was arrested in Denmark on suspicion of offering weapons for an attack on Jewish targets in Germany. He had allegedly been in contact with a Danish national, identified as Ali S., who was suspected of gathering intelligence on Jewish locations in Berlin for Iranian intelligence. Ali S. had allegedly delivered surveillance photos and videos of targets, including the German-Israeli Society and the office of Josef Schuster (head of the Central Council of Jews in Germany) to an Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) Quds Force officer.
Australia (2024-2025): In August 2025, Prime Minister Anthony Albanese announced that the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation (ASIO) had "credible intelligence" linking Iran's IRGC to at least two antisemitic arson attacks: the torching of Lewis Continental Kitchen, a kosher restaurant in Sydney's Bondi (October 2024), and the firebombing of Adass Israel Synagogue in Melbourne (December 2024). ASIO Director-General Mike Burgess described a "layer cake of cutouts" between IRGC commanders and local operatives, and said Iran was "likely" behind additional incidents. These included attacks under review such as the arson of a childcare center near the Maroubra Synagogue and the targeting of the former home of prominent Jewish leader Alex Ryvchin, where cars were set alight and property vandalized with antisemitic graffiti.
As a result of the Iranian links to these antisemitic attacks, Australia expelled Iran's ambassador – its first such expulsion since World War II – closed its embassy in Tehran and, in November 2025, formally designated the IRGC as a state sponsor of terrorism. In October 2025, Israel's Mossad publicly identified "Sardar Amar," a senior Quds Force commander, as the architect of a global attack network responsible for the Australian incidents as well as foiled plots in Greece and Germany.
Mexico (late 2024 - mid-2025): The IRGC's Quds Force plotted to assassinate Israel's ambassador to Mexico, Einat Kranz Neiger, in a plot initiated in late 2024, before being foiled by Mexican security services with U.S. and Israeli intelligence assistance in 2025. The plot was reportedly coordinated by IRGC officer Hasan Izadi (AKA Masood Rahnema), who recruited and handled agents across Latin America while stationed at Iran's embassy in Venezuela. The operation was attributed to the same Quds Force's unit linked to attacks on Jewish sites in Australia and Europe.
Peru (March 2024): Peruvian police arrested an Iranian citizen suspected of planning to murder an Israeli national. The suspect, who officials claim is a member of the IRGC’s Quds Force, had allegedly recruited local ex-convicts for an ambush against an Israeli businessman. At least two Peruvian citizens were also implicated in the plot.
Germany (2022-2023): Shots fired at the Old Synagogue in Essen and a Molotov cocktail thrown at a synagogue in Bochum in November 2022 were traced to Ramin Yektaparast, a German-Iranian Hells Angels leader suspected of directing attacks from Tehran for the IRGC. A co-conspirator was sentenced in December 2023. Yektaparast was shot dead in Tehran in May 2024.
Greece (2023): Two Pakistani nationals were arrested after an Iran-based handler directed them to attack the Chabad of Athens. Court documents detail WhatsApp exchanges in which the handler stressed the need for proof of casualties. The Mossad attributed the plot to an Iranian regime orchestrated network.
Brazil (November 2023): Brazilian Federal Police, working with the Mossad, disrupted a Hezbollah cell allegedly planning attacks on Jewish and Israeli targets in Sao Paulo. In Operation Trapiche, police arrested two Brazilian recruits and carried out 11 raids across Sao Paulo, Brasilia and Minas Gerais. The Mossad stated the attack was "planned by the Hezbollah terrorist organization, directed and financed by the Iranian regime." One suspect was arrested at Guarulhos International Airport upon arrival from Lebanon.
Colombia (June 2021): Colombian authorities neutralized a plot by the Iranian regime in Bogota to assassinate two Israeli businessmen. According to Argentina's Security Minister Patricia Bullrich, the plot was linked to Hezbollah's Latin America chief Hussein Ahmad Karaki, and was part of a broader pattern of revenge operations following the assassination of IRGC Quds Force commander Qasem Soleimani.