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FGRN

Hate Symbol
FGRN
ALTERNATE NAMES: For God, Race and NationFGRN is a Ku Klux Klan acronym for "For God, Race and Nation," a common Klan slogan. It is one of a number of slogans, codes and rituals created by the Second Ku Klux Klan in the early 20th century. That Klan did not survive, but many of its codes and rituals were adopted by later Klan groups. In acronym form, the slogan is used primarily as a Klan identifier, typically appended at the end of on-line messages and postings. Additional Images:
ALTERNATE NAMES: For God, Race and Nation
Read more about FGRN

ITSUB

Hate Symbol
ITSUB
ITSUB is a Ku Klux Klan acronym for "In The Sacred Unfailing Being," a reference to God. It is one of many Klan acronyms created by the Second Ku Klux Klan that emerged in 1915. That Klan did not survive, but subsequent Ku Klux Klan groups continued many of its rituals and codes. Today, ITSUB has no real meaning or particular purpose and is typically used by Klan group members in on-line messages or posts solely as a way to identify themselves with the Ku Klux Klan. This has been the fate of a…
Read more about ITSUB

KABARK

Hate Symbol
KABARK
KABARK is a Ku Klux Klan acronym for "Konstantly Applied By All Regular Klansmen." It is one of many acronyms and codes developed by the Second Ku Klux Klan in the early 20th century. The Second Ku Klux Klan did not survive, but later Klan groups continued many of its codes and rituals. Today, KABARK is essentially meaningless and only used as a "sign off" in on-line messages by Klan group members, along with several other similar archaic acronyms. Additional Images:
Read more about KABARK

KIGY

Hate Symbol
KIGY
KIGY is Ku Klux Klan shorthand for "Klansman I Greet You." It is one of many acronyms developed by the Second Ku Klux Klan that emerged in 1915. Although the Second Ku Klux Klan did not survive, much of its terminology and many of its rituals did, and later Klan groups freely used them. Additional Images:
Read more about KIGY

KLASP

Hate Symbol
KLASP
KLASP is a Ku Klux Klan acronym for "Klannish Loyalty, A Sacred Principle." It is one of many Klan acronyms created by the Second Ku Klux Klan that emerged in 1915. That Klan did not survive, but subsequent Ku Klux Klan groups continued many of its rituals and codes. Today, KLASP has no real meaning or particular purpose and is typically used by Klan group members in on-line messages or posts solely as a way to identify themselves with the Ku Klux Klan. This has been the fate of a number of…
Read more about KLASP

Ku Klux Klan (hand sign)

Hate Symbol
Ku Klux Klan (hand sign)
From its beginnings in the 1860s, the Ku Klux Klan has employed a variety of salutes and hand signs both public and private. Most of the hand signs and gestures used by the first and second Ku Klux Klans have fallen by the wayside over the years, except for the Klan salute, which dates back to 1915. It resembles a Nazi salute (which some Klan members will also use), except that it is performed with the left arm. Often Klan members will separate the fingers of their hand when making the salute …
Read more about Ku Klux Klan (hand sign)

Ku Klux Klan Robes

Hate Symbol
Ku Klux Klan Robes
The hood and robes of Ku Klux Klan members are the most visible Klan symbol of all. Read about the history and current meanings behind the Klan’s robes.
Read more about Ku Klux Klan Robes

LOTIE

Hate Symbol
LOTIE
LOTIE is a Ku Klux Klan abbreviation for a "Lady Of The Invisible Empire," i.e., a female Klan member. It is one of many codes, phrases and rituals created by the Second Ku Klux Klan in the early 20th century. The Second Klan did not survive, but later Klan groups adopted many such codes and rituals, including LOTIE. Additional Images:
Read more about LOTIE

Non Silba Sed Anthar

Hate Symbol
Non Silba Sed Anthar
ALTERNATE NAMES: NSSANon Silba Sed Anthar is a Ku Klux Klan slogan intended to mean "Not Self, But Others." It looks like Latin but is a mix of Latin and Gothic. Occasionally it appears in acronym form as NSSA. The phrase is one of many phrases, codes and rituals developed by the Second Ku Klux Klan in the early 20th century. The Second Klan did not survive, but later Klan groups adopted many of its trappings. This is one of the more commonly used Klan slogans. Additional Images:
ALTERNATE NAMES: NSSA
Read more about Non Silba Sed Anthar

Triangular Klan Symbol

Hate Symbol
Triangle Klan
The triangular Ku Klux Klan symbol looks like a triangle within a triangle but is actually three letter K's aligned in a triangle and facing inwards.
Read more about Triangular Klan Symbol

Studying the Holocaust

Lesson Plan
Jews Forcibly Pulled Out of Dugouts, 1943
Echoes & Reflections is a leading provider of free Holocaust education resources and professional development for the middle and high school classroom. We help educators to teach about the Holocaust accurately and with confidence. Our goal is to enhance students' historical knowledge, critical thinking, and personal understanding of this history. GRADE LEVEL: Middle School, High School COMMON CORE STANDARDS: Reading, Writing, Speaking and Listening This unit introduces students…
September 02, 2020
Read more about Studying the Holocaust

311

Hate Symbol
311
The eleventh letter of the alphabet is the letter "K"; thus 3 times 11 equals "KKK," or Ku Klux Klan. The number 311 is sometimes used as a greeting to demonstrate membership in the KKK or simply sympathy with the Klan and its ideology. There is also a longstanding rock band from Nebraska that uses the name "311." This is not a hate-oriented band and should not be mistaken as such. Additional Images:
Read more about 311

Complicity and Responsibility

Lesson Plan
Painting by Felix Nussbaum - The Refugee
Echoes & Reflections is a leading provider of free Holocaust education resources and professional development for the middle and high school classroom. We help educators to teach about the Holocaust accurately and with confidence. Our goal is to enhance students' historical knowledge, critical thinking, and personal understanding of this history. GRADE LEVEL: Middle School, High School COMMON CORE STANDARDS: Reading, Writing, Speaking and Listening This unit provides an opportunity for…
September 05, 2019
Read more about Complicity and Responsibility

Nazi Germany

Lesson Plan
Adolf Hitler Walking up Steps at an Annual Nazi Party Rally Ceremony
Echoes & Reflections is a leading provider of free Holocaust education resources and professional development for the middle and high school classroom. We help educators to teach about the Holocaust accurately and with confidence. Our goal is to enhance students' historical knowledge, critical thinking, and personal understanding of this history. GRADE LEVEL: Middle School, High School COMMON CORE STANDARDS: Reading, Writing, Speaking and Listening The purpose of this unit is for students…
March 20, 2019
Read more about Nazi Germany

Rescuers and Righteous Among the Nations

Lesson Plan
Boat with Jews Sailing from Falster Denmark to Ystad in Sweden, 1943
GRADE LEVEL: Middle School, High School COMMON CORE STANDARDS: Reading, Writing, Speaking and Listening This unit provides students with an opportunity to learn about the types of rescue that occurred in Nazi-occupied Europe and to consider the moral and ethical choices that non-Jews made in order to help Jews survive. The unit also outlines the obstacles and dangers that hidden children faced during the Holocaust. Throughout the unit, students have an opportunity to consider the…
August 17, 2018
Read more about Rescuers and Righteous Among the Nations

Jewish Resistance during the Holocaust

Lesson Plan
Vilna Ghetto Partisans
GRADE LEVEL: Middle School, High School COMMON CORE STANDARDS: Reading, Writing, Speaking and Listening This unit provides an opportunity for students to explore Jewish resistance efforts during the Holocaust—focusing on the period from the establishment of the ghettos through the implementation of the “Final Solution.” An opportunity is provided for students to learn about the risks of resisting Nazi domination and the means, scope, and intensity of resistance…
June 15, 2018
Read more about Jewish Resistance during the Holocaust

The Ghettos in Nazi Europe

Lesson Plan
Lodz Ghetto Bridge
GRADE LEVEL: Middle School, High School COMMON CORE STANDARDS: Reading, Writing, Speaking and Listening In this unit, students learn about the ghettos established throughout Nazi Europe and understand that the ghettos were one phase in the continuum of Nazi racial policies that sought to solve the so-called “Jewish problem.” Students investigate the conditions in ghettos and how those conditions severely limited Jewish life and led to immense suffering. Using primary source…
December 21, 2017
Read more about The Ghettos in Nazi Europe

DoED Decision Will Require Taxpayers to Fund Discrimination

Article
Department of Education building
March 20, 2019 The U.S. Department of Education (DoED) recently announced that it will ignore a longstanding requirement of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) limiting federally funded contracts, which provide schools with services such as special education or instruction, to secular vendors.  As a result, religious organizations, including houses of worship, are now eligible to be such contractors.  This decision is not legally required, will compel taxpayers to fund…
March 20, 2019
Read more about DoED Decision Will Require Taxpayers to Fund Discrimination

Moving from Safe Classrooms to Brave Classrooms

Tools and Strategies
Multi-Ethnic Students Having a Discussion in a Classroom
For Educators In fostering inclusive, equitable and safe schools, we encourage educators to develop group guidelines for respect and safety in the classroom. These classroom guidelines can be created in a variety of ways and the list typically includes recommendations such as: Share air timeActively listenShow empathyRespect confidentialityParticipate fullyAssume good willBe sensitive to feelingsHowever, there is often a need to go further and frame guidelines around the concept of bravery…
February 04, 2019
Read more about Moving from Safe Classrooms to Brave Classrooms

Calendar of Observances

Tools and Strategies
Calendar-Multicultural
Increase your awareness of religious obligations and ethnic and cultural festivities that may affect students, colleagues and neighbors in your community.
January 01, 2020
Read more about Calendar of Observances

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