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Enhancing Holocaust Instruction: 5 Tips to Prioritize Questions in the Classroom

Article

Closeup of student raising hand in classroom. Other students and teacher at front of classroom.

by: Jesse Tannetta March 04, 2021 Good questions are essential to sound pedagogy and solid teaching. As teachers, we spend countless hours creating questions for exams and structured discussions. We even construct questions spontaneously during dialogue with students, hoping to generate critical thinking and deeper cognition. At Echoes & Reflections, our pedagogy guides us to encourage inquiry-based learning; the best way to do this is to inspire students to create their own questions and…

March 04, 2021

How to Effectively Respond to Bias Incidents in Your Schools

Webinar

Wednesday, March 3, 2021 Presenters: Danika Manso-Brown, Associate Education Director, and Caterina Rodriguez, Director of PreK-12 Education Programs, ADL This webinar will help participants understand how to use ADL's toolkit, "Responding to Bias Incidents in Middle and High Schools: Resources and Best Practices for School Administrators & Educators," to address incidents effectively at their schools. By educating students about the impact of harmful language and behaviors,…

March 03, 2021

Creating a Brave Space

Lesson Plan

Teenage girl talks during group discussion of a diverse group of teens and adults

Civics Lesson GRADE LEVEL: High School What is My Role in Creating and Participating in a Brave Space for Myself and Others?Educators want a welcoming classroom where every student feels appreciated, supported and able to express their ideas. While creating a safe space has been the focus for a long time, we are now calling on educators and students to create “brave spaces.” These are spaces where everyone feels that they can contribute, that they will be heard and they…

January 28, 2021

Teaching Women's History in March and Beyond

Article

Five women of different nationalities illustration, standing together looking to the right

February 25, 2021 The idea of dedicating a month to Women’s History came about in 1981 when Congress requested the President proclaim a week in March as “Women’s History Week.” In 1986, the National Women’s History Project played a significant role in expanding the observance to the entire month of March. Women’s History Month recognizes and honors the historical and present-day achievements, milestones and experiences of women. Over time, other countries…

February 25, 2021

A Guide for Responding to School-Based Bias Incidents

Tools and Strategies

Teenage girl talks in group therapy session

Is your school experiencing a bias or hate incident?Whether it be a racist “joke,” slur, stereotype or some other form of implicit or explicit bias, school community members must be committed to addressing bias-related incidents in schools. Educators and school administrators play vital roles in creating an environment where all students can learn and thrive. Cultivating an equitable and inclusive school community requires ensuring that historically marginalized students are…

January 25, 2021

The Dangers of Disinformation

Tools and Strategies

Protestor standing in front of U.S. Capitol holding sign that reads "Check Facts Before Posting"

Table Talk: Family Conversations about Current EventsAs people increasingly turn to online sources, such as social media and AI, for news and information, a legitimate question arises: "How do I know this information is accurate?" This concern is well founded. Studies, including one published by Yale Insights, have found that social media algorithms and platforms "inadvertently encourag[e] users to spread misinformation." Given these risks, it's perhaps unsurprising that a 2023 Pew study found…

January 11, 2021

Powers of Governments

Lesson Plan

Metal wheels interlocking with words written on them such as rules, policies

Civics Lesson GRADE LEVEL: High School Which Form of Government Has the Most Power? What are the Differences in Power Between Each Form of Government? Which Form of Government Has the Most Power to Address Equity and Social Justice Issues? Aside from the separation of powers at the federal level, the U.S. Constitution also describes the power relationships between state and federal governments, how that power will be distributed, and the relationships between the…

October 29, 2020

Human Rights

Lesson Plan

Civics Lesson GRADE LEVEL: High School What are Human Rights? What is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights? In 1946, in the immediate aftermath of World War II, with hopes of preventing future atrocities, an international committee with varied legal and cultural backgrounds began to draft the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). The UDHR was proclaimed by the new United Nations General Assembly in 1948. This document contains 30 Articles that set a standard…

October 02, 2020

Empowering Young People in the Aftermath of Hate (In English and Español)

Tools and Strategies

What Educators and Family Members Can DoToday, local, national or international tragedies happen so frequently that they can feel almost commonplace. When a hate crime, mass shooting, act of terrorism or other terrible and hate-inspired event occurs, one of the first questions many people ask is, what should we tell the children? How can we explain to them what has happened? Despite our best efforts to protect youth from the details of hate-motivated events, we can never assume that they are…

May 03, 2022

Let’s Avoid Holocaust Analogies in the Public Square

Article

November 18, 2020 By: Shaya Lerner The Holocaust will be forever remembered as one of the most horrific events of the 20th century. The murder of six million Jews and millions of others carried out by the Nazis and their collaborators was the largest recorded genocide in modern history. There is simply no equivalent event, historical or current, that compares with it. Despite this, over the past few months, both prior to and after the Presidential election, there have been an…

November 18, 2020

1-11

Hate Symbol

1-11 is a numeric symbol used by the Aryan Knights, an Idaho-based prison gang, to identify themselves. Substituting letters for numbers, 1 and 11 mean A and K, i.e., Aryan Knights.

12

Hate Symbol

The number 12 is a numeric symbol for Aryan Brotherhood groups (as are the numbers 1 and 2 separately), especially the Aryan Brotherhood of Texas. Substituting letters for numbers, 12 equals AB, i.e., Aryan Brotherhood.

13

Hate Symbol

The number 13 is a numeric symbol for the Aryan Circle, the large Texas-based racist prison gang. Substituting letters for numbers, 1 and 3 equals A and C, i.e., AC or Aryan Circle.

1423

Hate Symbol

The number combination 14/23 is a numeric symbol associated with the Southern Brotherhood, the largest white supremacist prison gang in Alabama. The 14 is a reference to the white supremacist "14 Words" slogan ("We must secure the existence of our people and a future for white children"), while the 23 refers to the "23 precepts," a list of rules that Southern Brotherhood members must follow, such as "do not make a debt you cannot pay" and "no huffing lacquer." Additional Images:

21-2-12

Hate Symbol

Members of the Unforgiven, a Florida-based racist prison gang, use the numeric symbol 21-2-12 as a sort of slogan. Substituting letters for numbers, 21 stands for U ("Unity"), 2 stands for B ("Brotherhood") and 12 stands for L ("Loyalty"). Additional Images:

211 Crew

Hate Symbol

ALTERNATE NAMES: Aryan Alliance, Brotherhood of Aryan AllianceGroup Status: Active The 211 Crew is a large racist prison gang based in Colorado. Its main tattoo (or "shield" or "patch") is a complex triangular symbol made out of interlocking arms, with hands grasping lightning bolts and the number 211 in the center. According to law enforcement, the name of the gang originated from the California penal code for robbery. However, members claim that 211 is a numeric code for BAA,…

ALTERNATE NAMES: Aryan Alliance, Brotherhood of Aryan Alliance

511

Hate Symbol

The number 511 is a numeric symbol for the Oregon-based racist prison gang European Kindred. Substituting letters for numbers, the 5 and 11 equate to E and K, i.e., European Kindred. Additional Images:

737

Hate Symbol

The number 737 is a numeric symbol used by Public Enemy Number 1 (PENI), a California-based white supremacist gang present on California's streets and in its prisons. Unlike most white supremacist numeric symbols, 737 is not an example of number-letter substitution. Instead, the numbers 737 correspond to the letters P, D, and S on a telephone keypad. The initials PDS stand for Peni Death Squad, another name for the group. Additional Images:

Alabama Aryan Brotherhood

Hate Symbol

Group Status: Active The Alabama Aryan Brotherhood is one of many racist prison gangs that have adopted the Aryan Brotherhood name. It is an independent gang and has no connection to the "original" Aryan Brotherhood present in the California and federal prison systems. The primary Alabama Aryan Brotherhood tattoo or "patch" is in the popular "shield" format and consists of a shield-like emblem sporting four images, which could include the initials AB, SS lightning bolts, a swastika, an…

Diverse and Complex Narratives Cultivate Empathy and Action

Article

Image of a protest from NBC's Superstore TV show.

November 10, 2020 How people are portrayed on television – matters. Increasingly diverse storylines, characters and content creators are widely seen as positive, but how is this trend affecting the prevalence of stereotypes in our culture? Is it increasing our ability to empathize and act? In a recent study, Define American and USC’s Norman Lear Center examined depictions of immigrants on television and the impact of those portrayals. The study examined depictions of 129 unique…

November 10, 2020