Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management (BTAM): A Guide for Law Enforcement

Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management (BTAM) is a proactive, evidence-based approach to identify, assess, and help individuals who exhibit concerning and threatening behaviors. The goal is to prevent violence before it happens by connecting individuals with appropriate support and resources. BTAM helps law enforcement understand the current threat environment and how different factors affect each community.

There are several resources available on BTAM best practices, including the Association of Threat Assessment Professionals' (ATAP) Risk Assessment Guideline Elements for Violence (RAGE-V) and the FBI's Making Prevention a Reality. These resources provide evidence-based methods for detecting, preventing, and managing threats.

Why BTAM Matters for Law Enforcement 

Law enforcement and security professionals face a range of complex threats that require more than just a response to harmful and tragic incidents. BTAM provides tools for early intervention, preventing violence before it occurs and guiding people toward rehabilitation.  

BTAM relies on collaboration between law enforcement, community members, mental health professionals, and other stakeholders. This multidisciplinary approach allows for a complete assessment of potential threats and helps create plans to de-escalate situations and prevent acts of violence to keep everyone safe: officers, potential victims, and the broader community.  

BTAM is distinct from, but works alongside, criminal investigations, disciplinary processes, physical security measures, zero-tolerance policies, and existing support programs. Rather than replacing these functions, BTAM complements them to improve overall security, safety, and well-being. 

Training and Resources

There are multiple ways to develop BTAM expertise.

The Department of Homeland Security National Threat Evaluation and Reporting Program Office (DHS NTER) offers resources and training on threat identification and mitigation. DHS NTER certifies local Master Trainers to provide ongoing support and education.

The Association of Threat Assessment Professionals (ATAP) and its regional chapters provide training, resources, and support to help agencies develop and implement BTAM practices. 

ADL offers specialized resources and training for law enforcement on emerging threats, including swatting, online extortion networks (such as the Com and 764 networks), and various extremist ideologies and movements.