Some supporters of the 2023 Hamas-led terror attacks in Israel have adopted paraglider imagery to celebrate the attacks, as Hamas operatives used gliders to land in Israel to commit violent acts.
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Originating in Hamas propaganda videos in the early phases of the Gaza war, the inverted red triangle symbol has become an emblem of support for Hamas and similar groups and has also been used as an antisemitic symbol.
An extremist belief system that blends concepts from neo-Nazism with some forms of Satanism and treats violence as a spiritual practice.
Antisemitism in the Com signals transgression, intimidates victims, helps members gain status, and connects them to other extremist communities.
Most acts of targeted violence don't happen without warning. Learn about the signs experts look for in someone who may be on a pathway to violence
This report details the real human impact of some of the sites Cloudflare sustains and evaluates the systemic policy and enforcement gaps that allow them to remain operational.
Each stage along the pathway reflects an escalation in thought and behavior, leading toward violence.
Learn how to recognize these attacks and how to respond to them
Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management (BTAM) is a systematic, evidence-based process used by schools, workplaces, and law enforcement to identify, assess, and manage individuals who may pose a threat to themselves or others. The model provides a structured way to notice warning signs, understand what they mean, and take action before anyone gets hurt. BTAM helps answer important questions like: Is this person in crisis? Are they at risk of hurting themselves or others? What support do…
Antisemitism in the TCC shows up as casual slurs and inside jokes; admiration for antisemitic killers; extremist iconography like swastikas; and as part of how an attacker frames their violence.
A loosely connected global network of online actors involved in illicit and harmful activities, like swatting, sadistic online exploitation (SOE), ransomware attacks, and distributing child sexual abuse material.
A glossary that explains some of the popular terms, references, and images used to signal transgression and belonging in online communities that glorify mass violence and extremist killings.
Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg posted a video to Facebook in January 2025 announcing dramatic changes to the company’s content moderation policies. In the clip, the 40-year-old executive shared his commitment to restoring free expression and to making sure that “people can share their beliefs and experiences” on Meta platforms. In reality, our research has shown that these policy changes have resulted in a dramatic increase of antisemitism and extremism on Meta’s…
ADL examined the strategic evolution of anti-Israel activism on U.S. campuses and provides recommendations for universities to respond proactively to changing tactics.
The form of targeted violence is driven by perpetrators primarily seeking attention, notoriety, or status within online communities, like the True Crime Community.
Research by the ADL Center for Tech & Society (CTS) found that the term ‘false flag’ ranked as the second most popular term on Reddit in a sample of conversations about the antisemitic Boulder attack and the fifth most popular following the D.C. Capitol Jewish Museum attack.
On social media and gaming platforms, hate and harassment thrive in closed online spaces, which lack the visibility and accountability of more open or public ones.
Artificial intelligence is rapidly reshaping how people consume and trust information—including what books they read. Amazon, the world’s largest bookseller, uses Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate short, snappy summaries of customer reviews. While this may be useful when applied to bedsheets or kitchen appliances, applying AI to book reviews—without human oversight—is proving to be deeply problematic. We found that AI-generated reviews are promoting books that…
Co-produced with Builders For Tomorrow Executive SummaryADL research shows that four leading LLMs, particularly Llama, display bias against Jews and Israel. LLM bias in other areas has already been highlighted; this report provides the most comprehensive evaluation to date of anti-Jewish and anti-Israel bias in major LLMs—GPT (OpenAI), Claude (Anthropic), Gemini (Google), and Llama (Meta). In 2025 and beyond, the importance of large language model (LLM)…
Co-produced with Builders For Tomorrow Executive Summary ADL has identified extensive issues with antisemitic and anti-Israel bias on Wikipedia in multiple languages. These issues include 1) a coordinated campaign to manipulate Wikipedia content related to Israel, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and similar issues, in which a group of editors systematically evade Wikipedia’s rules to shift balanced narratives toward skewed ones, spotlighting criticism of Israel and downplaying…